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Article Returns the absolute value of a number. The absolute value of a number is the number without its sign. Syntax ABS ( number ) Number is the real number of whic… |
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Article Returns the arccosine, or inverse cosine, of a number. The arccosine is the angle whose cosine is number . The returned angle is given in radians in the range … |
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Article Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. Number must be greater than or equal to 1. The inverse hyperbolic cosine is the value whose hyperbolic cosi… |
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Article Returns the logical value TRUE if all of the arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more arguments is FALSE. Syntax AND ( logical1 , logical2 , … ) Logic… |
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Article For Double-byte character set (DBCS) languages, changes full-width (double-byte) characters to half-width (single-byte) characters. Syntax ASC ( text ) Text … |
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Article Returns the arcsine, or inverse sine, of a number. The arcsine is the angle whose sine is number . The returned angle is given in radians in the range -pi/2 to… |
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Article Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number. The inverse hyperbolic sine is the value whose hyperbolic sine is number , so ASINH(SINH(number)) equals numb… |
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Article Returns the arctangent, or inverse tangent, of a number. The arctangent is the angle whose tangent is number. The returned angle is given in radians in the rang… |
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Article Returns the arctangent, or inverse tangent, of the specified x- and y-coordinates. The arctangent is the angle from the x-axis to a line containing the origin (… |
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Article Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. Number must be between -1 and 1 (excluding -1 and 1). The inverse hyperbolic tangent is the value whose hy… |
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Article Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean. AVEDEV is a measure of the variability in a data set. Syntax AVEDEV ( number1 ,nu… |
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Article Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. Syntax AVERAGE ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1, number2, … are 1 to 30 numeric arguments for wh… |
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Article Calculates the average (arithmetic mean) of the values in the list of arguments. Unlike the AVERAGE functions, text and logical values such as TRUE and FALSE ar… |
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Article Returns the cumulative beta probability distribution function. The cumulative beta probability distribution function is commonly used to study variation in the … |
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Article Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability distribution function. That is, if probability = BETADIST(x,…), then BETAINV(probability,…) = x. The … |
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Article Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability. Use BINOMDIST in problems with a fixed number of tests or trials, when the outcomes of any trial … |
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Article Returns number rounded up, away from zero, to the nearest multiple of significance. For example, if you want to avoid using pennies in your prices and your prod… |
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Article Returns the character specified by a number. Use CHAR to translate code page numbers you might get from files on other types of computers into characters. Synta… |
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Article Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. The ?2 distribution is associated with a ?2 test. Use the ?2 test to compare observed and ex… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. If probability = CHIDIST(x,…), then CHIINV(probability,…) = x. Use this f… |
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Article Uses index_num to return a value from the list of value arguments. Use CHOOSE to select one of up to 29 values based on the index number. For example, if value1… |
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Article Removes all nonprintable characters from text. Use CLEAN on text imported from other applications that contains characters that may not print with your operatin… |
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Article Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string. The returned code corresponds to the character set used by your computer. Syntax CODE ( text ) … |
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Article In Microsoft SharePoint Services, use the CONCATENATE function to join several text strings into one string. |
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Article Returns the confidence interval for a population mean with a normal distribution. The confidence interval is a range on either side of a sample mean. For exampl… |
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Article Returns the cosine of the given angle. Syntax COS ( number ) Number is the angle in radians for which you want the cosine. Remark If the angle is in degrees, … |
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Article Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number. Syntax COSH ( number ) Number is any real number for which you want to find the hyperbolic cosine. Remark The formu… |
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Article Counts the number of arguments that contain numbers. Syntax COUNT ( value1 , value2 , … ) Value1, value2, … are 1 to 30 arguments that can contain or refe… |
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Article Counts the number of arguments that are not empty. Syntax COUNTA ( value1 , value2 , … ) Value1, value2, … are 1 to 30 arguments representing the values … |
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Article Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value. Use this function for quality assurance… |
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Article Returns the sequential serial number that represents a particular date. Syntax DATE ( year , month , day ) Year The year argument can be one to four digits. … |
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Article Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is provided for compatibility with Lotus 1-2-3. Syntax DATEDIF ( start_date , e… |
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Article Returns the serial number of the date represented by date_text. Use DATEVALUE to convert a date represented by text to a serial number. Syntax DATEVALUE ( date_… |
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Article Returns the day of a date, represented by a serial number. The day is given as an integer ranging from 1 to 31. Syntax DAY ( serial_number ) Serial_number is … |
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Article Returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year (twelve 30-day months), which is used in some accounting calculations. Use this function to… |
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Article Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify. Syntax DDB ( cost , salv… |
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Article Converts radians into degrees. Syntax DEGREES ( angle ) Angle is the angle in radians that you want to convert. Example Formula Description (Result) =DEGREES(… |
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Article Returns the sum of squares of deviations of data points from their sample mean. Syntax DEVSQ ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1,number2, … are 1 to 30 argu… |
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Article Converts a number to text using currency format, with the decimals rounded to the specified place. The format used is $#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00). Syntax DOLLAR ( n… |
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Article Returns number rounded up to the nearest even integer. You can use this function for processing items that come in twos. For example, a packing crate accepts ro… |
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Article Compares two text strings and returns the logical value TRUE if they are exactly the same, FALSE otherwise. EXACT is case-sensitive. Use EXACT to test text bein… |
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Article Returns e raised to the power of number. The constant e equals 2.71828182845904, the base of the natural logarithm. Syntax EXP ( number ) Number is the expone… |
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Article Returns the exponential distribution. Use EXPONDIST to model the time between events, such as how long an automated bank teller takes to deliver cash. For examp… |
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Article Returns the factorial of a number. The factorial of a number is equal to 1*2*3*…* number. Syntax FACT ( number ) Number is the nonnegative number you want t… |
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Article Returns the logical value FALSE. Syntax FALSE ( ) Remark You can also type the word FALSE directly into the formula, and it is interpreted as the logical valu… |
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Article Returns the F probability distribution. You can use this function to determine whether two data sets have different degrees of diversity. For example, you can e… |
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Article Finds one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text), and returns the number of the starting position of find_text, from the first charact… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution. If p = FDIST(x,…), then FINV(p,…) = x. The F distribution can be used in an F-test that compares the … |
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Article Returns the Fisher transformation at x. This transformation produces a function that is approximately normally distributed rather than skewed. Use this function… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation. Use this transformation when analyzing correlations between ranges or arrays of data. If y = FISHER(x), then F… |
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Article Rounds a number to the specified number of decimals, formats the number in decimal format using a period and commas, and returns the result as text. Syntax FIXE… |
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Article Rounds number down, toward zero, to the nearest multiple of significance. Syntax FLOOR ( number , significance ) Number is the numeric value you want to round… |
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Article Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. Syntax FV ( rate , nper , pmt , pv , type ) For a m… |
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Article Returns the gamma distribution. You can use this function to study variables that may have a skewed distribution. The gamma distribution is commonly used in que… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution. If p = GAMMADIST(x,…), then GAMMAINV(p,…) = x. You can use this function to study a variable whose… |
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Article Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, ?(x). Syntax GAMMALN ( x ) X is the value for which you want to calculate GAMMALN. Remarks If x is nonnum… |
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Article Returns the geometric mean of positive data. For example, you can use GEOMEAN to calculate average growth rate given compound interest with variable rates. Synt… |
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Article Returns the harmonic mean of a data set. The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of reciprocals. Syntax HARMEAN ( number1 , number2 , … ) N… |
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Article Returns the hour of a time value. The hour is given as an integer, ranging from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.). Syntax HOUR ( serial_number ) Serial_number … |
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Article Returns the hypergeometric distribution. HYPGEOMDIST returns the probability of a given number of sample successes, given the sample size, population successes,… |
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Article Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and another value if it evaluates to FALSE. Use IF to conduct conditional tests on values and for… |
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Article Rounds a number down to the nearest integer. Syntax INT ( number ) Number is the real number you want to round down to an integer. Example 1 Formula Descripti… |
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Article Returns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. For a more complete descrip… |
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Article This article describes the eight functions used for testing the type of a value or column reference. Each of these functions, referred to collectively as the I… |
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Article Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment. Syntax ISPMT ( rate , per , nper , pv ) Rate is the interest rate for the investment…. |
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Article Returns the kurtosis of a data set. Kurtosis characterizes the relative peakedness or flatness of a distribution compared with the normal distribution. Positive… |
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Article LEFT returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify. Syntax LEFT ( text , num_chars ) Text is the t… |
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Article LEN returns the number of characters in a text string. Syntax LEN ( text ) Text is the text whose length you want to find. Spaces count as characters. Example… |
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Article Returns the natural logarithm of a number. Natural logarithms are based on the constant e (2.71828182845904). Syntax LN ( number ) Number is the positive real… |
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Article Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify. Syntax LOG ( number , base ) Number is the positive real number for which you want the logarithm. B… |
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Article Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. Syntax LOG10 ( number ) Number is the positive real number for which you want the base-10 logarithm. Examples Formu… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution function of x, where ln(x) is normally distributed with parameters mean and standard_dev. If p = LO… |
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Article Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution of x, where ln(x) is normally distributed with the parameters mean and standard_dev. Use this function to analyze … |
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Article Converts all uppercase letters in a text string to lowercase. Syntax LOWER ( text ) Text is the text you want to convert to lowercase. LOWER does not change c… |
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Article Returns the largest value in a set of values. Syntax MAX ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1,number2,… are 1 to 30 numbers for which you want to find the ma… |
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Article Returns the largest value in a list of arguments. Text and logical values such as TRUE and FALSE are compared as well as numbers. MAXA is similar to MINA. For m… |
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Article Returns the current user name. Syntax Me Remark The Me function can be used only with default values; you cannot use the Me function in a calculated column. |
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Article Returns the median of the given numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers; that is, half the numbers have values that are greater than… |
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Article MID returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at the position you specify, based on the number of characters you specify. Syntax MID … |
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Article Returns the smallest number in a set of values. Syntax MIN ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1, number2,… are 1 to 30 numbers for which you want to find the… |
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Article Returns the smallest value in the list of arguments. Text and logical values such as TRUE and FALSE are compared as well as numbers. Syntax MINA ( value1 , valu… |
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Article Returns the minutes of a time value. The minute is given as an integer, ranging from 0 to 59. Syntax MINUTE ( serial_number ) Serial_number is the time that … |
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Article Returns the remainder after number is divided by divisor. The result has the same sign as divisor. Syntax MOD ( number , divisor ) Number is the number for wh… |
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Article Returns the most frequently occurring, or repetitive, value in the argument list. Like MEDIAN, MODE is a location measure. Syntax MODE ( number1 , number2 , …… |
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Article Returns the month of a date represented by a serial number. The month is given as an integer, ranging from 1 (January) to 12 (December). Syntax MONTH ( serial_n… |
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Article Returns the negative binomial distribution. NEGBINOMDIST returns the probability that there will be number_f failures before the number_s-th success, when the c… |
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Article Returns the normal distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation. This function has a very wide range of applications in statistics, including hypo… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation. Syntax NORMINV ( probability , mean , standard_dev ) Pr… |
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Article Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution function. The distribution has a mean of 0 (zero) and a standard deviation of one. Use this function in plac… |
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Article Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution. The distribution has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. Syntax NORMSINV ( proba… |
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Article Reverses the value of its argument. Use NOT when you want to make sure a value is not equal to one particular value. Syntax NOT ( logical ) Logical is a value… |
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Article Returns the number of periods for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. Syntax NPER ( rate , pmt , pv , fv , type ) F… |
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Article Calculates the net present value of an investment by using a discount rate and a series of future payments (negative values) and income (positive values). Synta… |
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Article Returns number rounded up to the nearest odd integer. Syntax ODD ( number ) Number is the value to round. Remarks If number is nonnumeric, ODD returns the #VA… |
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Article Returns Yes if any argument is TRUE; returns No if all arguments are FALSE. Syntax OR ( logical1 , logical2 , … ) Logical1, logical2,… are 1 to 30 conditi… |
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Article Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits. Syntax PI () Examples Formula Description (Result) =PI() Pi (3.1415926… |
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Article Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate. Syntax PMT ( rate , nper , pv , fv , type ) For a more complete descr… |
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Article Returns the Poisson distribution. A common application of the Poisson distribution is predicting the number of events over a specific time, such as the number o… |
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Article Returns the result of a number raised to a power. Syntax POWER ( number , power ) Number is the base number. It can be any real number. Power is the exponen… |
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Article Returns the payment on the principal for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. Syntax PPMT ( rate … |
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Article Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product. Syntax PRODUCT ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1, number2,… are 1 to 30 numbers tha… |
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Article Capitalizes the first letter and any other letters that follow a non-letter character in a text string. Converts all other letters in the text string to lowerca… |
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Article Returns the present value of an investment. The present value is the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now. For example, when you borrow mo… |
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Article Converts degrees to radians. Syntax RADIANS ( angle ) Angle is an angle in degrees that you want to convert. Example Formula Description (Result) =RADIANS(270… |
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Article Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity. RATE is calculated by iteration and can have zero or more solutions. If the successive results of RATE do no… |
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Article REPLACE replaces part of a text string, based on the number of characters you specify, with a different text string. Syntax REPLACE ( old_text , start_num , num… |
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Article Repeats text a given number of times. Use REPT to add a number of instances of a text string. Syntax REPT ( text , number_times ) Text is the text you want to… |
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Article RIGHT returns the last characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify. Syntax RIGHT ( text , num_chars ) Text is the text string c… |
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Article Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text. Syntax ROMAN ( number , form ) Number is the arabic numeral you want converted. Form is a number specifying t… |
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Article Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. Syntax ROUND ( number , num_digits ) Number Is the number you want to round. Num_digits Specifies the number … |
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Article Rounds a number down, toward zero. Syntax ROUNDDOWN ( number , num_digits ) Number is any real number that you want rounded down. Num_digits is the number o… |
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Article Rounds a number up, away from 0 (zero). Syntax ROUNDUP ( number , num_digits ) Number is any real number that you want rounded up. Num_digits is the number … |
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Article SEARCH returns the number of the character at which a specific character or text string is first found, beginning with start_num. Use SEARCH to determine the lo… |
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Article Returns the seconds of a time value. The second is given as an integer in the range 0 (zero) to 59. Syntax SECOND ( serial_number ) Serial_number is the time… |
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Article Determines the sign of a number. Returns 1 if the number is positive, zero (0) if the number is 0, and -1 if the number is negative. Syntax SIGN ( number ) Numb… |
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Article Returns the sine of the given angle. Syntax SIN ( number ) Number is the angle in radians for which you want the sine. Remark If your argument is in degrees, … |
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Article Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. Syntax SINH ( number ) Number is any real number. Remark The formula for the hyperbolic sine is: Example set 1 Formul… |
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Article Returns the skewness of a distribution. Skewness characterizes the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean. Positive skewness indicates a distribu… |
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Article Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period. Syntax SLN ( cost , salvage , life ) Cost is the initial cost of the asset. Salvage is t… |
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Article Returns a positive square root. Syntax SQRT ( number ) Number is the number for which you want the square root. Remark If number is negative, SQRT returns the… |
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Article Returns a normalized value from a distribution characterized by mean and standard_dev. Syntax STANDARDIZE ( x , mean , standard_dev ) X is the value you want … |
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Article Estimates standard deviation based on a sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the average value (the mean). Syntax… |
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Article Estimates standard deviation based on a sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the average value (the mean). Text a… |
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Article Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population given as arguments. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the… |
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Article Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population given as arguments, including text and logical values. The standard deviation is a measure of how w… |
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Article Adds all the numbers in the specified arguments. Syntax SUM ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1, number2,… are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want the tota… |
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Article Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments. Syntax SUMSQ ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1, number2,… are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want the su… |
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Article Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period. Syntax SYD ( cost , salvage , life , per ) Cost is the initial cost of the a… |
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Article Returns the text referred to by value. Syntax T ( value ) Value is the value you want to test. Remarks If value is or refers to text, T returns value. If valu… |
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Article Returns the tangent of the given angle. Syntax TAN ( number ) Number is the angle in radians for which you want the tangent. Remark If your argument is in deg… |
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Article Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number. Syntax TANH ( number ) Number is any real number. Remark The formula for the hyperbolic tangent is: Examples Formu… |
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Article Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution where a numeric value (x) is a calculated value of t for which the Percentage Points … |
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Article Converts a value to text in a specific number format. Syntax TEXT ( value , format_text ) Value is a numeric value, a formula that evaluates to a numeric valu… |
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Article Returns the decimal number for a particular time. The decimal number returned by TIME is a value ranging from 0 (zero) to 0.99999999, representing the times fro… |
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Article Returns the decimal number of the time represented by a text string. The decimal number is a value ranging from 0 (zero) to 0.99999999, representing the times f… |
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Article Returns the t-value of the Student’s t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom. Syntax TINV ( probability , degrees_freedom ) P… |
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Article Returns the serial number of the current date. The serial number is the date-time code used for date and time calculations. You can use the TODAY function only … |
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Article Removes all spaces from text except for single spaces between words. Use TRIM on text that you have received from another application that may have irregular sp… |
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Article Returns the logical value TRUE. Syntax TRUE () Remark You can enter the value TRUE directly without using this function. The TRUE function is provided primarily… |
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Article Truncates a number to an integer by removing the fractional part of the number. Syntax TRUNC ( number , num_digits ) Number is the number you want to truncate… |
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Article Converts text to uppercase. Syntax UPPER ( text ) Text is the text you want converted to uppercase. Text can be a column reference or text string. Example For… |
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Article Converts a number to text using currency format, with the decimals rounded to the specified place. The format used is $#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00). Syntax USDOLLAR (… |
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Article Converts a text string that represents a number to a number. Syntax VALUE ( text ) Text is the text enclosed in quotation marks or a column reference containi… |
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Article Estimates variance based on a sample. Syntax VAR ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1,number2,… are 1 to 30 number arguments corresponding to a sample of a p… |
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Article Estimates variance based on a sample. In addition to numbers, text and logical values such as TRUE and FALSE are included in the calculation. Syntax VARA ( valu… |
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Article Calculates variance based on the entire population. Syntax VARP ( number1 , number2 , … ) Number1,number2, … are 1 to 30 number arguments corresponding t… |
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Article Calculates variance based on the entire population. In addition to numbers, text and logical values such as TRUE and FALSE are included in the calculation. Synt… |
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Article Returns the day of the week corresponding to a date. The day is given as an integer, ranging from 1 (Sunday) to 7 (Saturday), by default. Syntax WEEKDAY ( seria… |
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Article Returns the Weibull distribution. Use this distribution in reliability analysis, such as calculating a device’s mean time to failure. Syntax WEIBULL ( x , alpha… |
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Article Returns the year corresponding to a date. Syntax YEAR ( serial_number ) Serial_number is the date of the year you want to find. Remarks Dates are stored as se… |
